Gambling is when people risk money or something of value to predict the outcome of a game of chance, for example on a scratchcard or fruit machine, or by betting with friends. It can be an enjoyable activity for many but it can also lead to problems and harms, including financial stress and mental health issues. Problem gambling can affect relationships, performance at work or school and cause debts and even homelessness. It can also impact on family and community health.

The benefits and costs of gambling can be divided into three classes: financial, labor and health and well-being. At the societal/community level, these impacts are often invisible and include a variety of social costs, such as increased crime, addiction support services, and reduced quality of life. At the personal/interpersonal level, these include changes in financial situations, such as increased gambling spending and debts; a loss of self-control over gambling behaviour; and emotional and psychological stress.

Some people are more likely to develop a gambling problem than others. It is thought that genetics can make some people more vulnerable to impulse-control issues and a tendency to seek thrills. People with low incomes are also at greater risk, as are young people and men. The cultural context of a community can also impact on its views of gambling and how problems are identified and managed. Some communities consider gambling to be a common pastime, making it harder to recognise the signs of a gambling problem.